ZTK Finance Page Reader မ်ားေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္အရ အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္ရဲ႔
အဓိပၸယ္ဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္ကို စတင္မိတ္ဆက္လိုက္ပါတယ္။အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္ (Capital Market) ဘာေၾကာင့္လိုအပ္သလဲ

အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္ထဲမွာ တစ္ဦးခ်င္းေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ၊
အဖြဲ႔အစည္းအလိုက္ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ၊ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ (Securities)
ေတြကို ေရာင္းဝယ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ပုဂၢလိကပိုင္အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြေရာ ၊
အစိုးရက႑ထဲမွာပါတဲ့ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြပါ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ ေတြကို
ထုတ္ေဝေရာင္းခ်ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ရဲ ႔ ေငြေၾကးရန္ပံုေငြအင္အားကို
ျမွင့္တင္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္ထဲမွာ အစုရွယ္ယာ (Stock) ၊ ေငြေခ်းစာခ်ဳပ္(Bond) ေတြ
ထုတ္ေဝေရာင္းခ်ျခင္းပါဝင္ပါတယ္။ အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္ရွိျခင္းေၾကာင့္
အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြရဲ ႔ ဓနအင္အားကိုတိုးပြားေစႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဥပမာအားျဖင့္
ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုဟာ အမ်ားပိုင္အျဖစ္ေျပာင္းလဲတဲ့အခါ Initial Public Offering
(IPO) လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ ရွယ္ယာအသစ္ေတြကို အမ်ားျပည္သူထံသို႔
ထုတ္ေဝေရာင္းခ်ျခင္းျပဳပါတယ္။ အစိုးရတစ္ရပ္အေနနဲ႔လည္း ၎ရဲ
႔အသံုးစရိတ္လိုအပ္တဲ့အခါ (ဥပမာ – ေဒသတစ္ခုမွာ လမ္း ၊ တံတား
စီမံကိန္းတစ္ခုအတြက္ ေငြလိုအပ္တယ္ဆိုပါစို႔။ အဲဒီအခါ Bond စာခ်ဳပ္အသစ္ေတြ
ထုတ္ေဝၿပီး ျပည္သူေတြထံကို ေရာင္းခ်ျခင္းျပဳကာ လိုအပ္တဲ့
အရင္းအႏွီးရႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ Bond ထုတ္ေဝသူက စာခ်ဳပ္သက္တမ္းအတြင္း
အတိုးႏႈန္းကိုေတာ့ ေပးအပ္ရမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။)
အရင္းအႏွီးေစ်းကြက္မွာ Primary Market နဲ႔ Secondary Market ဆိုၿပီး
ခြဲျခားေခၚေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ Primary Market ဆိုတာ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္
အသစ္ေတြကို အခုမွ စတင္ထုတ္ေဝေရာင္းခ်တာကို ရည္ညႊန္းတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ IPO နဲ႔
တူတယ္လို႔ သတ္မွတ္လို႔ရပါတယ္။ Secondary Market ကေတာ့
ရင္းႏွီးျမွဳပ္ႏွံသူအခ်င္းခ်င္း သူတို႔ပိုင္ဆိုင္ၿပီးသား
ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ေတြကို Stock Exchange မွာ ေရာင္း ၊ ဝယ္ၾကတာကို
ဆိုလိုတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

NEW YORK - FEBRUARY 20:  Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during afternoon trading February 20, 2009 in New York City. The Dow closed down 100 points to 7365.67 in a week that saw the Dow lose 6.1 percent.  (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)
NEW YORK – FEBRUARY 20: Traders work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange during afternoon trading February 20, 2009 in New York City. The Dow closed down 100 points to 7365.67 in a week that saw the Dow lose 6.1 percent. (Photo by Mario Tama/Getty Images)

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